Koken CMS on HTTPS
Abstract
Disclaimers
THIS HOWTO IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS HOWTO OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THIS HOWTO.
Netgear states: "Access by SSH is not discouraged, but is recommended for advanced users only. As such, using SSH is at the user's own risk."
This is how it worked in the situation of the baseline described below. Use it at your own risk.
Improvements
Please post concerns, comments and improvements for this blog on related Netgear Community "How to run Koken on https?" post to help improve it.
Background
The Koken Content Management System that is available as a ReadyNAS App from the RN Admin Pages' Apps section, will be installed to run on HTTP by default. It features a password protected Koken Admin Page.
Koken also boasts an optional plugin to allow for password protected private albums and a Cart plugin that can be used to sell photos.
It is never a good idea to send password or purchase information as cleartext (unencrypted) over HTTP. It has long since become common practice on the Internet to use HTTPS for such sites. Therefore you want to use HTTPS for a Koken driven website. Self-signed certificates cause browsers to issue warnings or disallow access to the site, so they cannot be used. You need certificates from a Certificate Authority (CA). Letsencrypt is a CA that offers a free, automated and open way to get certificates that you need to enable HTTPS.
Baseline
- RN312 or RN516
- ReadyNAS OS 6.5.0, 6.5.1 or 6.5.2 (Debian GNU/Linux 7 (wheezy))
- Still works after upgrade to 6.6.0, 6.6.1, 6.7.1, 6.7.4, 6.7.5, 6.8.0, 6.8.1, 6.9.0, 6.9.1, 6.9.2, 6.9.3, 6.9.4, 6.9.5, 6.10.0, 6.10.1, 6.10.2, 6.10.3, 6.10.4, 6.10.5, 6.10.6, 6.10.7 (Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie))
(Note: this how-to might also work on other RN models or OS versions, but that has not been tested.)
Prerequisites
- MySQL and Koken installed on ReadyNas OS 6.5.0, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.6.0, 6.6.1, 6.7.1, 6.7.4, 6.7.5, 6.8.0, 6.8.1, 6.9.0, 6.9.1, 6.9.2, 6.9.3, 6.9.4, 6.9.5, 6.10.0, 6.10.1, 6.10.2, 6.10,3, 6.10.4, 6.10.5, 6.10.6, 6.10.7.
- Koken driven website accessible via a domain name from the Internet.
- ReadyNAS needs outgoing Internet access to connect to Letsencrypt, retrieve downloads for the installation and periodically renew the certificate.
Preparation
You need to have a domain name connected to your Koken public web pages as the certificate process needs these names as input. If you don't have that yet, work on that first.
In this howto "yourdomain.com" and "www.yourdomain.com" need to be replaced by your own domain name. Koken (installed from RN Admin Page) runs on port 7100 by default. Make sure you have port forwarding in place on your router that point the outside port 80 to 7100 internally and outside port 443 to 7443 internally. (7443 will be added to the Apache configuration later.)
Next find your Linux and Apache version, as it influences which script and what plugins you can use from Letsencrypt and CertBot. And also which certificate files you need to add in the Apache configuration later.
Apache version
apachectl -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.31 (Debian)
These are the certificate files you will add later to your Apache config.
cert.pem
Server certificate only. This is what Apache < 2.4.8 needs for SSLCertificateFile.
chain.pem
All certificates that need to be served by the browser excluding server certificate, i.e. root and intermediate certificates only. This is what Apache < 2.4.8 needs for SSLCertificateChainFile, and what nginx >= 1.3.7 needs for ssl_trusted_certificate.
Linux version
cat /etc/*-release
PRETTY_NAME="ReadyNASOS 6.5.0"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux" VERSION_ID="7"
VERSION="7 (wheezy)" ID=debian
ANSI_COLOR="1;31"
HOME_URL="http://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.debian.org/support/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.debian.org/"
The OS is Debian GNU/Linux 7 (wheezy). Therefore you cannot use the "certbot" command, but have to use certbot-auto instead.
Since OS 6.5.0 features Apache 2.2, you cannot use the CertBot Apache plugin. This howto uses the webroot plugin instead.
(Note: OS 6.6.0 and upwards features Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie). You may now be able to use the "certbot" command, but that has not been tested.)
Create letsencrypt dir
Create a letsencrypt dir where we can store the cerbot script. In this howto we use /home/letsencrypt.
mdkir /home/letsencrypt
Install certbot-auto
cd /home/letsencrypt wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
--2016-06-18 10:02:12-- https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto Resolving dl.eff.org (dl.eff.org)... 173.239.79.196 Connecting to dl.eff.org (dl.eff.org)|173.239.79.196|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 44115 (43K) [text/plain] Saving to: ‘certbot-auto’ certbot-auto 100%[=====================================================================>] 43.08K 286KB/s in 0.2s 2016-06-18 10:02:14 (286 KB/s) - ‘certbot-auto’ saved [44115/44115]
Allow the downloaded script to be executable.
chmod a+x certbot-auto
Run the script to install all the needed components (e.g. python).
/home/letsencrypt/certbot-auto
Bootstrapping dependencies for Debian-based OSes... Hit http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates InRelease Hit http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages Ign http://apt.readynas.com 6.5.0 InRelease Hit http://egnyte-cdn.egnyte.com 6.5 InRelease Hit http://egnyte-cdn.egnyte.com 6.5/egnyte amd64 Packages Ign http://mirrors.kernel.org wheezy InRelease ... (lots of other lines) ... Setting up python-pkg-resources (0.6.24-1) ... Setting up python-setuptools (0.6.24-1) ... Setting up python-virtualenv (1.7.1.2-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin ... Creating virtual environment... Installing Python packages... Installation succeeded.
During this process you might be asked to input an email address and agree to the license in a full terminal screen with blue background. Fill in your certificate administrator email address and select OK. Select Agree, if you want to accept the license.
After seeing the messages "Installation succeeded", you should be able to create the certificate.
Create certificate
/home/letsencrypt/certbot-auto certonly --webroot -w /data/koken/web -d yourdomain.com -d www.yourdomain.com
IMPORTANT NOTES: - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem. Your cert will expire on 2016-09-15. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot-auto renew" - If you lose your account credentials, you can recover through e-mails sent to someone@yourdomain.com. - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so making regular backups of this folder is ideal. - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
The created certificates can be found in: /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com. Note the symoblic links pointing to the latest version in ../../archive.
cd /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com ls -al
total 16 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 82 Jun 17 17:24 . drwx------ 1 root root 28 Jun 17 17:24 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Jun 17 17:24 cert.pem -> ../../archive/yourdomain.com/cert1.pem lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Jun 17 17:24 chain.pem -> ../../archive/yourdomain.com/chain1.pem lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Jun 17 17:24 fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/yourdomain.com/fullchain1.pem lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 41 Jun 17 17:24 privkey.pem -> ../../archive/yourdomain.com/privkey1.pem
You are now ready to start using the certificate in your Apache web server.
Apache configuration
The Apache config for koken can be found in /apps/koken/http.conf. First create a backup so you have a working configuration to fall back on.
cp /apps/koken/http.conf /apps/koken/http.conf.ORIGINAL
Now add an HTTPS listener to http.conf. Copy the VirtualHost block for *:7100 to *:7443. Add a Rewrite rule to the *:7100 VirtualHost that will redirect all requests on HTTP to HTTPS. Add the SSL options, SSL Engine and SSL certificates to the *:7443 block.
vi /apps/koken/http.conf
Listen 7100
Listen 7443 https
<VirtualHost *:7100>
ServerAdmin admin@localhost
DocumentRoot /apps/koken/web
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory /apps/koken/web/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
RewriteEngine on
ReWriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443$
RewriteRule ^/(.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [NC,R,L]
ErrorLog /apps/koken/error.log
LogLevel warn
</VirtualHost>
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:7443>
ServerAdmin admin@localhost
DocumentRoot /apps/koken/web
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory /apps/koken/web/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
ErrorLog /apps/koken/error.log
LogLevel warn
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile "/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/cert.pem"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem"
SSLCertificateChainFile "/etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/chain.pem"
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
Restart your Apache server
service apache2 restart
Connect your browser to your domain on HTTP. It should now redirect to HTTPS and the browser should not complain about missing or misconfigured certificates any more.
Renewal
The certificates are valid for 90 days. You may want to automate renewal. Manual renewal can be achieved with
/home/letsencrypt/certbot-auto renew
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/yourdomain.com.conf ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following certs are not due for renewal yet: /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem (skipped) No renewals were attempted.
Add the following to your crontab to run renewal once each day. (Letsencrypts recommends 2 a day). In the example, the renewal runs each day at 01:47 AM (local time) and appends the output to a log file. Letsencrypt recommends using a random value for the minute parameter. Probally to spread load for renewal requests on Letsencrypt servers.
crontab -e
47 01 * * * /home/letsencrypt/certbot-auto renew >> /home/letsencrypt/certbot.log
Reference material
https://letsencrypt.org/getting-started/
https://certbot.eff.org/docs/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21415181/can-i-stop-the-this-website-does-not-supply-identity-information-message